kʷo-, kʷe-, fem. kʷā; kʷei-

    kʷo-, kʷe-, fem. kʷā; kʷei-

    English meaning: indefinite/interrogative pronominal base

    Deutsche Übersetzung: die betonten Formen sind Interrogativa, die unbetonten Indefinita

    Grammatical information: (presumably einst only in nom. acc. sg.); kʷu- (only in adv.);

    Note: einzelsprachlich partly Relativum geworden

    Material: 1. stem kʷo-, kʷe-, fem. kʷü-; gen. kʷeso, instr. kʷī, Zeitadverb kʷom. A. Kasuelle forms and nur einzelsprachlich belegbare Ableitungen: O.Ind. ká-ḥ (= Phryg. κος “irgendeiner”, Goth. ƕas “wer?”), fem. kü “wer?” and indefinit; IE kʷos probably the old nom. sg. m.; Av. kō (gen. gthAv. ka-hyü, ča-hyü), fem. kü “wer?, who, what, which, the one that?”, O.Pers. kaš[-čiy], as Indef. with -čī̆ t̃ , or in Doppelsetzung, or in neg. or rel. Sätzen; Av. kü “as?”; O.Pers. ada-kaiy “damals” = Gk. ποι by Pindar “ποῦ” placed; Arm. о “wer?” (*kʷo-, Meillet Esquisse2 189), indef. o-k” “whoever” (-k” = Lat. que), o-mn “wer” (relative o-r “who, what, which, the one that”); k”ani “how much”, k”an “as, after the comparative” (= Lat. quam), k”anak “quantita” under likewise; Lat. quantus “as big, large”, Umbr. panta “quanta” is from quüm with formants-to- derived; Gk. gen. sg. Hom. τέο, Att. τοῦ “wessen?” (= O.Bulg. ceso, O.H.G. hwes; IE *kʷes(j)o); dat. sg. f. Dor. πᾳ, Att. πῆ, Ion. κῆ (*kʷü-) “whereto?, wherefore?, as?”; instr. f. Ion. Att. πῆ “whereto”; instr. sg. m. n. Cret. ὀ-πῆ “where, whereto”, Dor. πή-ποκα, πώ-ποκα, Att. πώ- ποτε “je einmal, noch je”, πω, Ion. κω “(*about einen Zeitraum hin, irgendwann =) still” and modal “irgendwie” in οὔ πω “noch nicht” and “nicnt irgendwie, keinesfalls” (compare Goth. ƕē as well as Lat. quō “whereto”, if not ablative); πῶς, Ion. κῶς “as”; ποδαπός “from woher stammend” (neutr. *kʷod + forms -ŋ̣kʷo-, compareἀλλοδ-απός above S. 25 under *alios “other”); Att. etc. ποῖ “whereto”, Dor. πεῖ “where” (loc.); Att.ποῦ, Ion. κοῦ “where” (gen.); πόθεν “from where?”; Hom. πόθι, Ion. κόθι “where”; πότε “when?” (Dor. πόκα “when”, compare Schwyzer Gk. 1, 629), ποτέ, Lesb. πότα, Ion. κοτέ “irgendeinmal, einst”, wherefore also ποτέ after Interrogativen, e.g. τί ποτε “was then” and - with previously Gk. reduplication - τίπτε ds. (see in addition under poti-s), πόσε “whereto” (-σε from -τε) = Goth. ƕaÞ, ƕad “whereto”; Cret. τεῖον ποῖον Hes., Att. ποῖος “qualis” from *kʷo- + oiu̯o- = O.Ind. ḗva- “kind of and Weise”, O.H.G. ēwa, compare Goth. laiwa “as?”, see under ei- “go”; to variation from π- (: Ion. κ-): τ- s. Schwyzer Gk. 1, 293 f. Alb. kë “wen?” (*kʷo-m), se “was?” (abl. *kʷōd with analogical Palatalisierung?), si “as?” (*kʷei?); Lat. quī (aLat. quoi from *kʷo + Demonstr. -ī), quae, quod Rel. and Indefinitum, Osc. pui, paí, púd “qui, quae, quod”, Umbr. po-i, -e, -ei “quī”, puře, porse “quod”, Lat. cuius, cui, quō, quü etc., Umbr. pusme “cui”; adv. Lat. quō “whereto” (abl.) = Umbr. pu-e “quō” (u = ō, das before Enklitika not abbreviated is); Lat. quam “as, as” (acc. sg. f.) = Umbr. [pre-]pa “[prius- ]quam”, Osc. pruter pam ds. (Av. kąm-čit̃ “in irgendeiner, jeder Weise”, aLat. quam-de = Umbr. pane, Osc. pan “quam”; Lat. quantus see above; Lat. quom, cum “if, as; so oft as” (acc. sg. n. as primum etc. = Av. kǝm “as”, Goth. ƕan “when”, O.Pruss. kan, Lith. (dial.) ką “if”; O.C.S. ko-gda from *ko-g(o)da, Meillet Slave commun2 470; with -de extended Umbr. pon(n)e, Osc. pún “quom”; Lat. quandō “when” (*quüm acc. the Zeiterstreckung + dō), Umbr. panu-pei “quandōque”, M.L.G. wante “bis”; Lat. quantus, Umbr. panta “quanta” (see 644); O.Ir. nech, adj. (prokLith.) after “aliquis; ullus, quisquam”, Welsh Corn. Bret. nep (*nekʷo- s, with coloring the negation in neg. Sätzen with wiederholte negation, also Lith. kaz-nekàs ‘somewhat”, kadà-ne-kadà “zuweilen”, O.Bulg. někъto “jemand”); O.Ir. cüch, connected cach, M.Welsh pawp, connected pop, Corn. pup, pop, pep, Bret. pep “jeder” (*kʷü- or kʷō- kʷo-s; to O.Bulg. kakъ “who, what, which, the one that?”), Ir. cech “jeder” (das e after nech); O.Ir. can, M.Welsh pan (*kʷanü), M.Bret. ре-ban “whence?”; O.Ir. cuin “when?”, M.Welsh etc. pan, pann “as, if” (*kʷani?), O.Ir. ca-ni, M.Welshpo-ny “nonne” (*kʷü-); Goth. ƕas (*kʷo-s) “wer?” and indefinit (gen. ƕis, O.H.G. hwes = O.Bulg. ceso, Gk. τέο), O.S. hvar, har, aDan. hvü, O.E. hwü “wer”, with dem e of gen. O.S. hwē, O.H.G. hwer (*kʷes) “wer”; neutr. Goth. ƕa (*kʷo-d), O.H.G. hwaz, O.N. hvat, O.E. hwæt, O.S. hwat “was”; fem. Goth. ƕō “wer? welche?” : Goth. ƕan “when, as”, O.S. hwan, O.H.G. hwanne “when” (close comparison to O.Ir. can “whence” is because of the meaning doubtful), O.S. hwanda “weil”, O.H.G. hwanta “warum”; Goth. ƕē “wherewith?” (instr.); O.Fris. hō, O.S. hwō, O.H.G. hwuō “as” to Lat. quō “whereto” (AbLat.), Gk. πω, κω “irgendwie”; Lith. kàs “wer?, was?” also indefinit, fem. kà, O.Pruss. kas m., ka n. “wer?”, kas f. quai, quoi, n. ka (acc. also kan, kai) “who, what, which, the one that, -e, -es”; Lith. kad “if, daß, with it” (Konjunktion as Lat. quod, from dem fragenden Gebrauch, compare O.Ind. kad, Av. kat̃ adv. Fragewort “nun, if?”); Lith. kaĩ, kaĩ-p, O.Pruss. küi-gi “as?” (= O.Bulg. cě; but about Gk. καί see under *kai “and”); O.Bulg. kъ-to “wer?” (gen. česo), kyjь, f. kaja, n. koje “qui, ποῖος?”, cě “καίτοι, καίπερ, εἴπερ” (see above). B. derivatives, die sich through mehrere Sprachen pursue lassen: kʷo-tero- “wer from zweien?”; kʷü-li- “as?”; kʷo-ti-, kʷe-ti- “as viele?”. O.Ind. katará-, Av. katüra- “wer from zweien”, Gk. πότερος, Ion. κότερος ds., Osc. loc. pútereí-píd “in utroque”, Umbr. podruh-pei adv. “utroque”, putres-pe “utriusque”, Goth. ƕaÞar, O.Ice. hvürr, O.E. hwæÞer “wer from beiden” (O.H.G. hwedar, Ger. still in weder, with e, as hwer “wer” : Goth. ƕas), Lith. katràs “welcher from beiden, who, what, which, the one that?”, O.Bulg. koteryjь, kotoryjь “who, what, which, the one that” comparative formation (Beschränkung auf die Wahl between zwei Ghegensätzen); superlativisch O.Ind. katamá- “welcher from mehreren”; compare of stem kʷu- : Lat. uter. O.Ind. kadü, Av. kaδa “when?”; but Lith. kadà “when?” from *kadǜ n; to ending see above S. 181 ff. (also for O.Bulg. kǫdǫ, kǫdě “whence”, Lat. quan-do). Gk. πηλί-κος “as big, large? as old?”, Lat. quülis “as beschaffen”, Lith. kõlei, kõl” “as long”; of stem kʷo- from: O.Bulg. kolikъ “as big, large”, kolь “quantum” (Trautmann 111). O.Ind. káti “as viele” = Hitt. kuwatta, Lat. quot ds. (of apokopierten quot from: quotus “the wievielte”), O.Ind. kati-thá- “the wievielte” = Lat. *quotitei (loc. m.) diē > cottī-diē “amwievielten Tage also always, daily”; Gk. Lesb. πόσσος (Hom. ποσσῆμαρ), Att. πόσος, Ion. κόσος “as big, large” (*kʷoti-os; πόστος “the wievielte” from *ποσσοστός; besides with IE e Av. čaiti “as viele”, Bret. pet in pet dez “how many days”, petguez “quotiēns”. O.Ind. kár-hi “when?” = Goth. ƕar, O.Ice. hvar (*kʷor) “where?” and relative (therefrom Goth. ƕarjis, O.Ice. hverr “who, what, which, the one that”, eig. “where er”, as from Lith. kur̃ [*kʷū̆ r] “where” + jìs “er” das Lith. Rel. kurìs, kur̃s “who, what, which, the one that” erwuchs); ē -grade O.E. hwǣ r, O.H.G. O.S. hwür “where”; ō -grade Lat. cūr “warum, wherefore “, old quōr. A parallel formation to Lat. quis in aLat. quir-quir “ubicunque”. 2. stem kʷei-, same form for Maskul., Neutr. and Femin.: O.Ind. kím “was? was”, kíḥ “wer?”, ná-ki-ḥ “niemand” (with k instead of c; latter lautgesetzlich in:) O.Ind. cit (cid), Av. cit̃, O.Pers. čiy ‘sogar, jedenfalls” (originally nom. sg. n. *kʷi-d; s. also under kʷe “and”); Av. čiš “wer”, čišca = Lat. quisque, Gk. τίς τε, O.Pers. čiščiy ds.; Av. čī “as” (instr.); Arm. -č in in-č ‘somewhat” (= O.Ind. kim - cid), das also in ersten part here, with drop of kʷ- as i (z-i) “was?” (*kʷid-), instr. i-v “wodurch, wherewith”, (see also above to Arm. о “wer”); to Alb. see above under 1; Gk. τίς (*kʷis) m. f. (Thess. κίς, ark. Cypr. σίς), n. τί (*kʷid) “wer? who, what, which, the one that, -e, -es?” and τὶς, τὶ “(irgend) wer, was”, acc. m. *τιν (*kʷim) extension to τίνα, whereupon τίνος, τίνι, pl. n. *kʷi̯ ǝ in megar. σά μάν “wieso?” τὶ μην; böot. τά “warum” = Lat. quia; also in Ion. ἄσσα, Att. ἄττα, “τινὰ nom. pl.” (through false separation from ὁποῖά σσα) and with dem relativen ἅ connected ἅσσα, Att. ἅττα; Lat. quis, quid “wer, was” (fragend, indefinit, relative), quī adv. “wodurch, whereof (rel.); as for, warum (frag.); irgendwie (in Wunschformeln)” (could abl. *kʷīd sein, but yet probably due to an instr. *kʷi = Av. čī, Sloven. či “if”, Cz. či “if”, O.E. etc. hwī “as, wherefore, warum”); quī-n (from -ne) “as nicht; daß nicht, without “, quia-nam “warum”, quia “daß, weil” (acc. pl. *kʷiǝ) see above; Osc. pis, píd “quis, quid” (fragend, indefinit, unbestimmt-relative), Umbr. sve-pis ‘sī quis”, pis-i “quis, quisquis”; doubled Osc. pispis, Lat. quisquis, argiv. τίστις in verallgemeinernd indef. sense; O.Ir. cid “was?” with dem i from c-id “obwohl es sei”; originally as das adj. ced from *ce ed; O.Ir. cia “wer”, Welsh pwy, Corn. pyw, Bret. piou “wer” (*kʷei); connected Welsh py, pa, p- etc. (O.Ir. cote, cate “was is”, “where is” is unclear); Goth. ƕi-leiks, O.E. hwilc “as beschaffen”; O.E. hwī, O.S. hwī, hwiu, O.Ice. hvī “as, wherefore, warum” (kʷī instr.); O.Bulg. čь-to “was”; instr. kʷī (see above) in Sloven. či “if; also interrogative particle “, Cz. či “if”, Pol. czy “if”, Russ. old či “if”, O.Bulg. či-mь instr. out of it extended; about Toch. A kus, В kuse “who, what, which, the one that” s. Pedersen Toch. 121; Hitt. question- and relative pronoun kuiš “wer, who, what, which, the one that”, verallgemeinernd kuiš kuiš etc. (= Lat. quisquis) “ whoever “, Indefinitum kuiš-ki (= Lat. quisque) “irgend jemand”, n. kuit-ki (= Lat. quidque); Lyc. ti-ke (= hit kuiš-ki); s. P. Tedesco Lang. 21, 128 ff., A. Hahn Lang. 22, 68 ff. 3. stem kʷu-: O.Ind. kū́, Av. kū “where?” Maybe Alb. ku “where”, kë “whom” ved. kuv-íd “ if, whether, perhaps”, Av. čū “as, in welchem Maße?” (č- after čī “as?”); O.Ind. kúva, kvá “where, whereto”; O.Ind. kútra, Av. kuϑra “where? whereto?”; O.Ind. kútaḥ “whence”; O.Ind. kúha = gathAv. kudü “where” (= O.Bulg. kъde; IE *kʷu-dhe; see under Lat. ubi); Av. kuϑa “as”; here also ar. ku as 1. Zsglied to verbalism of Schlechten, Mangelhaften (eig. “was for ein...!”), e.g. O.Ind. ku-putra- “bad son”, Av. ku-nüiri “Hure”, compare böot. πούλιμος “Heißhunger” (*πυ-), aböot. Πυλιμιάδᾱς, also from den stems kʷo- and kʷi-: O.Ind. ka-, kü-, kad-, kim-, e.g. kü-puruṣa- “Wicht”, ka-pūya- “ũbelriechend”, kiṃ-puruṣa- “fairy demon, ghost, dwarf “ (W. Schulze Kl. Schr. 399 f.); Cret. ὄ-πυι “whereto”, syrak. πῦς (*πυι-ς), rhod. ὅπῡς “whereto” (*πυι neologism to ποῖ); Alb. kur “as, when” (see under 1. В by den r-formations = Lith. kur̃, Arm. ur), kurrë “je” (*kur-nei), ku “where”, ku-sh “wer”, kũ-sh “as” (ũ from IE ū); Lat. ubī̆ “where” (in addition unde shaped after ibi : inde), next to which inlaut. -cubī in nēcubi, sī-cubi, ali-cubi, nesciō-cubi, nun-cubi (nē-cunde etc.); es is das through die stem Lat. quo-, quü, quī before the Entlabialisierung through u bewahrte qʷ- before u to qw- geworden and qwu- hat anl. wu-, u- ergeben, during in *nē-qwubi etc. infolge the Silbentrennung nēqwubī the Gutt. erhalten blieb; is ubī̆ after loc. auf -ī (*ei, *oi) from *ubĕ = O.Ind. kúha, Av. kudü, O.Bulg. kъde reshaped = Osc. puf “ubi” (Umbr. extended to pufe “ubi”)?; after Pedersen Hitt. 50 f. contain ubi, ibivielmehr die IE adverbial ending -bhi (Gk. -φι), compare Hitt. ku-wa-pi (kwabi) “where, when?”; correspondingly Lat. ut “as, with it, daß” (uti-nam, - que) and utī, aLat. utei (reshuffling as in ubī) from *kʷu-ti (us-piam, -quam “irgendwo” from ut + adv. s = Osc. puz, Umbr. puz-e from *kʷut-s-), uter, utra, -um “welcher from beiden” from *kʷu-teros (parallel with πότερος etc.), unquam, umquam “irgendeinmal” (kʷumtemporaler acc.); whether Umbr. pu-e (-o particle) “where” = O.Ind. kū is or *kʷō, is doubtful; M.Welsh cw, cwd (= ð), cwt (= d) “where, whereto” (*kʷu-) = O.Ir. со “as?”; Goth. -hun zur formation unbestimmter pronoun: ni ains-hun “not irgendeiner”, etc.; O.E. hū “as”, Eng. how, O.Fris. hū, M.L.G. wū; Lith. kur̃ “where” (see above 1. B); also Lith. dial. kũ “was?” from *kun? O.Pruss. quei “where” from *kʷu-ei and probably the originator of qu- instead of k- in fem. nom. quai, quoi etc.;

    References: WP. I 514 ff., WH. I 313, II 397 f., 404 ff., 408 f., 410 ff., Trautmann 110 f., 120 f., 133, 134, Meillet Slave commun2 442 ff., 469, Schwyzer Gk. 1, 293 f., 615 ff., Wackernagel-Debrunner 3, 558 ff.